Easy2Siksha.com
  -2024
 5 
 
(    )
:    :75
:          ,           
          
-
1.      ,  ,  ,   ,    
                 

2.      ,   (    ),  ,
                
-
3.          POP3  IMAP      
                 
 
4.                   ,
 ,                
   
Easy2Siksha.com
-
5.                   , FTP 
                 

6.                  
          ,    ,
       
-
7. HTML              
 HTML            
 
     
8.      HTML              ,
         
  ,       
              
Easy2Siksha.com
  -2024
 5 
 
(    )
:    :75
:          ,         
          
-
1.      ,  ,  ,   ,    
                  

:󺡒󺡓󺡔󺡕󺡖󺡗󺡘󺡙󺡚󺡛    :  
                  
 ,             , 
       ,             
,   ,            
  
- " " ( )  ,      ,  
         : , ,   
󺝚󺝛󺝜󺝝󺝞󺝟󺝠1.   -  
  -  ,         ( )    
         ,      ,   
       
Easy2Siksha.com
 ( ):
 ---  ---  --- 
|
  ( )
 :
   :      ,     
   
  :       
 :
           ,      (
)
    ( )       
 :       
   :
                 
 
󽇐2.      
          ,          
                 
,       ,         
 (  ):

|
 -- / -- 
|

 :
    :       ,     
 
               , 
     
Easy2Siksha.com
            
 :
:   ( )     
  
    ()      
   :
  ,   -       
     
󷄧󹹯󹹰3.   -      
                  
                     
 ( ):
 ---  --- 
| |
-----------------------
 :
    :             
    
           
 :
              

              
   :
           -   
(LAN)      
󺂧4.    -   
Easy2Siksha.com
,           -       ,
     ,      
 ( ):
 ---- 
|\ /|
| \ / |
| \ / |
 ---- 
 :
     ,        
      :        
        ,       
 :
 :       ( )    ,  
   
 :           

   :
   ,          
    
󽀼󽀽󽁀󽁁󽀾󽁂󽀿󽁃   (  )


 
 


 
, 
  = 
, 
 
 
  
 
,

  = 
, 
, 

 
  ,
 
    =
, 


 
  
  
 ,

, 
, 

󷘹󷘴󷘵󷘶󷘷󷘸:    
Easy2Siksha.com
,       ,       - 
 ,          - 

       
          
            
             
 ,               
,       -        
  
2.      ,   (    ),  ,
                
: ,        www.example.com   
  ,          ,    
      ,    ,  
                 
       ,       ,
, ,             
  
󷊆󷊇       
              ,
, ,           
  ,               
 
 ,       :
1.  (    )-      
2.  -    
3. -  .
4.  -   (    )       
  
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼 (    )  
Easy2Siksha.com
   ()           ,
      
  :   ()      
          , ,  
          
   :
o   :        (   ,
, )
o  :         
o   ( 1): ,       
,          - 

  ,          -     
     
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼 :    
       ,     ,    ?   

  :             
                  
    
 :            
    ,        (  )   
     
 :
o   :            ISP 

o   :,        
o   :           
             ( ,    ),
              
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼:   
  www.example.com   ,      ?   
Easy2Siksha.com
  :      ,  ,  
             "" 
   :
o  :  .
o  : .
o   :    .
o  :        
      -   ()           

󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼 :  
       -       
  : ,          
 
 :   ,          
 - :         ,  

󽀼󽀽󽁀󽁁󽀾󽁂󽀿󽁃      
         YouTube      
      :
1.    : www.youtube.com  .
2. DNS   :       (DNS)    , 
-   IP  ( 142.250.190.78)     
3.  :   ISP    ,   
   
4.      :            
 ,            
5.    :      ,      

6.   :               

7.  :     ,       , 
     
      ,        
󷇮󷇭 -  
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      :
        
          
          
  , - ,            
    
󹶓󹶔󹶕󹶖󹶗󹶘   
       :
  ,              , 
       
󼩺󼩻       
 :             
  
  :        ,      
:            ,   
  
 :   ,  ,      
  
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼  
1.      ,  , ,     
2.         
3.     ,         
4.     .
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5.         
6.         ,      
󹶓󹶔󹶕󹶖󹶗󹶘
     ,            
   ,      ,     ,  
       -        ,   
 ,          
              ,      
      ,     ,  
            ;    
   ,     ,     
-
3.          POP3  IMAP      
                 
 
:󹷝󹷞󹷟󹷠󹷡󹷣󹷢         (POP3  IMAP)
󷇮󷇭  :    
               ,  
     ,              
  
    ,            
       POP3 IMAP     
󷪏󷪐󷪑󷪒󷪓󷪔    -   
                -
  ,              
    :
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1.     (MUA):
o       
o : ,  , 
o             
2.    ():
o   
o      ()         
 ()    
o : , .
3.    ():
o        ,    ()   
 ()   
4.    (POP3/IMAP):
o  ,       ,       
       
o   POP3  IMAP           
    :
󹷲󹷳󹷴󹷺󹷸󹷹󹷻󹷼󹷽󹷾POP3   IMAP –  -   
,               :
󹷤󹷥󹷦󹷧󹷨󹷩󹷪󹷫1. POP3 (    3) -      
POP3                   

      POP3    ,     
           
              
POP3   :
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1.   :   ()    ,      
 
2.      :       ,    
3.   :-        
POP3   :
1.    :        ,      
     ,       
2.   :     ,      
 
3.   :  ,   /      
  
 :POP3              , 
   
󹷤󹷥󹷦󹷧󹷨󹷩󹷪󹷫2. IMAP (   ) -    
                  
 ,    
                 
                  

IMAP   :
1. -  :    ,       
2.  :   -            ,
      
3.   :      ,       
    
IMAP   :
1.    :     ,      
  
2.      :        
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3.   :             
    
 :IMAP ,        ,   
    
󽀼󽀽󽁀󽁁󽀾󽁂󽀿󽁃POP3   IMAP–  

POP3 (  )
 
  
  
  
  

 
  
  
  
󷘹󷘴󷘵󷘶󷘷󷘸:    
,      :
 3             ,  
      ,         
   ,         
 ,         
   ,   ,   ,       ,
IMAP       , POP3        
              
4.                   ,
 ,                
   
: ,     ,     -  
   , www.wikipedia.org   ,    ,   
       ,         
           :   
Easy2Siksha.com
         ,  ,   
             ,   , 
,  ,   ,     , 
     
󷊆󷊇   ?
              
,            HTTP/HTTPS  
        ,  (HTML, CSS, JavaScript, , ) 
 ,             
 :
  : =   .
  : =  .
:      .
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼      
1.      :
o          
o :   www.bbc.com   ,      
, HTML, CSS    
2.  :
o     ,     
o   ,        
3.  :
o , ,       
o       .
4.  :
o       , -   ,  
(HTTPS)   
5.  :
o     ,       
  
6. :
o    , ,     
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼      
   ():URL     .
:     .
  :   .
Easy2Siksha.com
/ :    .
   :    .
 :    ,     
/-:    (,  ,  )
-  :, , , ,    
󽀼󽀽󽁀󽁁󽀾󽁂󽀿󽁃  
        
  :
1. HTML    : HTML       DOM ( 
) 
2.   :      DOM     
 
3. :         
4.  :,      
5. :            
 ( ):
[HTML + CSS + JS] → [DOM + CSSOM] → [ ] → [] → [] → [ ]
     ,     
󷇮󷇭  
                :
  :
o /: 
o : 
o : 
         
  :   HTML5/CSS3      
-    :        ,  
    
  :             
󹺣󹺤󹺥      
Easy2Siksha.com
     ,         :
1.  :         
2.   :      
3. --- :   .
4.
   :    
     :
HTTPS .
 (   ).
 .
     .
󹿶󹿷󹿸󹿹󹿺󹿻󹿼󹿽󹿾󹿿󺀍󺀎󺀀󺀁󺀂󺀃󺀄󺀅󺀆󺀇󺀏󺀐󺀈󺀑󺀒󺀉󺀓󺀊󺀋󺀌     
           :
:      .
 :/      .
   :    
       :
/ .
-    .
.
     (, , )
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼    
             
 :
:     .
 :      
   :       .
  :       .
 :
.
  .
Easy2Siksha.com
  (, VPN ).
:
          .
        
 ,           
󹶓󹶔󹶕󹶖󹶗󹶘   
        :
 (HTML, CSS, JS): .
 :     
 (DOM ):  .
():   
  :       
 ( ):   .
:         
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼  
1.      ,         
2.  : , , , ,  
3.   :,  ,  , , 
4.  :DOM, CSSOM,            

5.  :      -     
6.    :, ,   - HTTPS, ,  

7.   : ,  ,   -  ,   
8. :           
󹶓󹶔󹶕󹶖󹶗󹶘
              
  ,     ,       ( -  
  ),          
     , ,    ,   :   
  ,          ,    ,
         
Easy2Siksha.com
-
5.                   , FTP 
                 

:󷇮󷇭    : 
     
 , ,          
,   ,    ,         
   
,   ,     ""       ()  
 (, )   ""     (FTP)    
             
, FTP  , ,              
        
󷩡󷩟󷩠    -   
FTP -               :
1. FTP   (   )-    ,     
: , , 
2. FTP  ( )-       ,      
   
         ()   () 

FTP  
Easy2Siksha.com
,        ( )      (
 ),       FTP    
󽁌󽁍󽁎FTP        
  FTP    --    :
1.   
o  ,        (  21)  
 FTP   
o         ,      
  ( -  )  
2.     
  ,   -     ,    
:
o  (   ):     
         
o (   ):        ()

  FTP    ,         ,
      
3.    
FTP       :
o  :         
o  :    (      
      )
4.    
o        FTP       ( 
   )
o  :  FTP           ( 
    )
5.   
      ,      -     
         
󹺟󹺠󹺡󹺞FTP       
Easy2Siksha.com
       ,      ,    
               
1.  
  , FTP          
 
                (  
            )
          
2.   
      ,         
            
---            
  
     FTP        
 
󺬥󺬦󺬧FTP      
FTP       ,       :
1.  ( )
o  FTP  SSL/TLS  
o ,     " "     ,     
    
2. SFTP (SSH      )
o  (SSH)    .
o  (   )  ,     
   
o             
    
3.   FTP ( )
o  " "    ,       
    ,   /    

o          
Easy2Siksha.com
󷇳   FTP  
     -    FTP      ,   
    
          ,       
              
(HTML, CSS, , )            ?
: .
FTP      
1.           
2.         FTP     
3.    ( “index.html,” , )   
4.     ,         
,        
, FTP               
 ,    ( , , )     
   FTP  
󽀼󽀽󽁀󽁁󽀾󽁂󽀿󽁃:     
 
         
      
       
 
 FTP    .
 (FTPS, SFTP)       
          
󹴞󹴟󹴠󹴡󹶮󹶯󹶰󹶱󹶲:      
Easy2Siksha.com
,     ,   ( ,  , ) 
     ,           
      ,      
  ,          
,       ,        ,    
 FTP      ,          
6.                  
          ,    ,
       
:󷊆󷊇       
1.   (UX)
          3      
    
            ” (
     )   
  ,    
2.     ()
              
       ,     
3.     
-   ,      
       100         
   
4.    
      ,      
     ,      
 
5.   
Easy2Siksha.com
          
           
 ,          :      
 ,          
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼          
            
1.   
           ,     60%  
                 
     :
   :
o    JPEG    ( ,  )
o      PNG   
o ,      WebP  AVIF   
   :
o TinyPNG  ImageOptim         
     
   :
o   (  )   -   

     :
o               ,  
  
 :
    .
        .
    ,     
2. 
            ,     
      
   :
  :
Easy2Siksha.com
o       (CSS, JS, )  
o       ,       
   
-  :
o   -     ,       
      
    (CDN):
o            
o          ,  
   
 :
   .
   .
   
3.  
     —HTML, CSS  JavaScript.    
  ,              ,
      
 ?
  ,       
:
/*  */
 {
-:  ;
: 0;
}
/*  */
{-:#fff;:0;}
   :
UglifyJS, CSSNano, HTMLMinifier.
  (, )   
 :
  .
Easy2Siksha.com
.
 .
4.     
 ,       ,      :
HTTP   :  ,    
   :       

   :,      
GZIP/Brotli   :        
 :        
     
󹶓󹶔󹶕󹶖󹶗󹶘:     
       :
[ ]
[/ /CDN] → [   +  ] → [ ]
[,   ]
                 

󼩺󼩻   
       :
            ,  
()              
     
            ,  ()
       
             
     
 ,        ()     
     
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼  
Easy2Siksha.com
1.  , , ,       
    
2.             
3. :     ,          

4.      ,       
5. ,    CDN       

󹶓󹶔󹶕󹶖󹶗󹶘
                
      ,      ,  
    ,      ,     
 ,          ,  
             ,  
       ,            
             
               ,   :  
    ,          
-
7. HTML              
 HTML            
 
     
:    :        
                 
     -   (1, 2, 3)      
   ,      -,     ,  
   ,      (•)   
        ,   HTML      
  -            , 
 HTML            

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HTML  ?
    , HTML ,          
     :
        .
       
,       .
HTML        :
1.   (<ol>)-   
2.   (<ul>)-    
3.    (<dl>)-        (  
)
,    ,         
       
   -   
                
     ,      
HTML ,   <ol> ( )   <li> ( )   
 
 :
<h3>   </h3>
<ol>
<li> </li>
<li>   </li>
<li> </li>
<li> </li>
<li>     </li>
</ol>
:
1.  
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2.    
3.  
4. 
5.      
     ?         ,
       
    
,        : , , ,  ,    
                

   , HTML <ul> ( )   <li> ( )   
 :
<h3>  </h3>
<>
<li></li>
<li> </li>
<li></li>
<li></li>
</ul>
:



     ?       , , 
    
      
       :

  (<ol>)
  (<ul>)

   (1, 2, 3)
    (•)
 
   
   
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   
 , ,  , 
  , ,  
HTML
<ol>   <li>
<ul>   <li>
   -    
-             ,  
  -       ,         ,
         :
o 
o 

o 
o 

o 
o 
HTML      (     ) 
 :
<h3>  </h3>
<>
<li>
<>
<li></li>
<li></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<>
<li></li>
<li> </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<>
<li></li>
<li></li>
</ul>
</li>
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</ul>
:
o 
o 

o 
o 

o 
o 
     ?  -      
            
HTML      
    HTML             !
1.  :       (“ |   |  ”)  
      
2. :            

3.      :         
     
4.    :        
  
 
           :
  (<ol>)
1.  
2.  
3.  
  (<ul>)
 
Easy2Siksha.com
 
 
 
  1
-   1.1
-   1.2
  2
-   2.1

HTML                
           ,     
        
   --    ,    
             
         ,     
,      ,    ,      ,  
   ,          
8.      HTML              ,
         
  ,       
               
:              -
      :    ,   ,   
           ,    
          ,    -
      HTML           
         
  ,     HTML       ,   
    ,      ,      ,
               ( CSS 
 ) 
         
Easy2Siksha.com
HTML                - 
           ,  ,   
 
 :
o  
o - (, ,  )
o  
o   (  ,      )
  :
o    ( 1990     ,      CSS
 )
o   (     ,    )
,           -      ,
     
  HTML    
HTML        :
<table> →     .
<tr> →  .
<td> →   .
<th> →    (     ).
 :      
< ="1">
<tr>
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th></th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>  </td>
<td>₹250</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> </td>
<td>₹180</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</>
Easy2Siksha.com
 ( ):



  
₹250

 
₹180

      -    
    
-,                , 
- ,  " "       
colspan →      (  )   
rowspan →      (  )   
 : colspan  
< ="1">
<tr>
<></>
<th colspan="2"></th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</>
 ( ):

 (2  )



 :   

< ="1">
<tr>
<th rowspan="2"></th>
<th></th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th></th>
Easy2Siksha.com
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td>
<td>85</td>
</tr>
</>
, “    
    
HTML           :
<thead> →      .
<tbody> →      .
<tfoot> →       .
      ,           
 :        

< ="1">
<thead>
<tr>
<th></th>
<th></th>
<th></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td></td>
<td>2</td>
<td>₹50,000</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td>
<td>5</td>
<td>₹500</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
<tfoot>
<tr>
<td colspan="2"> </td>
<td>₹1,02,500</td>
</tr>
Easy2Siksha.com
</tfoot>
</>
 ( ):
 
 


2
₹50,000

5
₹500
(  )
₹1,02,500
              colspan="2"   
        
      :
   (  )    
 ,       
   (           
     )
   :
   (, ,
)      
           
      (CSS Flexbox  Grid  )
 :
 :-  (  )   
 :-  (  )    
,      ,        -
   ,     
   
            :
 ()    () 
     
   (  , , )    
-,    (/)   
      ,       
Easy2Siksha.com
          
: HTML   
       
  
1. HTML           
2.  :<>, <tr>, <td>, <th>.
3.   : ()   ()   
4.    :   <thead>, <tbody>, <tfoot>   
5.    :      ,     
6.  :      CSS    
 

HTML              ,  
       ,        
,    ,           ,
        ,  CSS   
,        ,   :    
  -        ,   
"                 
     ,     "